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The Julia programming language is a flexible dynamic language, appropriate for scientific and numerical computing, with performance comparable to traditional statically-typed languages.

Julia features optional typing, multiple dispatch, and good performance, achieved using type inference and just-in-time (JIT) compilation, implemented using LLVM. It is multi-paradigm, combining features of imperative, functional, and object-oriented programming. Julia provides ease and expressiveness for high-level numerical computing, in the same way as languages such as R, MATLAB, and Python, but also supports general programming. To achieve this, Julia builds upon the lineage of mathematical programming languages, but also borrows much from popular dynamic languages, including Lisp, Perl, Python, Lua, and Ruby.

The most significant departures of Julia from typical dynamic languages are:

1. The core language imposes very little; Julia Base and the standard library are written in Julia itself, including primitive operations like integer arithmetic
2. A rich language of types for constructing and describing objects, that can also optionally be used to make type declarations
3. The ability to define function behavior across many combinations of argument types via multiple dispatch
4. Automatic generation of efficient, specialized code for different argument types
5. Good performance, approaching that of statically-compiled languages like C

Advantages of Julia :

1. Free and open source (MIT licensed)
2. User-defined types are as fast and compact as built-ins
3. No need to vectorize code for performance; devectorized code is fast
4. Designed for parallelism and distributed computation
5. Lightweight "green" threading (coroutines)
6. Unobtrusive yet powerful type system
7. Elegant and extensible conversions and promotions for numeric and other types
8. Efficient support for Unicode, including but not limited to UTF-8
9. Call C functions directly (no wrappers or special APIs needed)
10. Powerful shell-like capabilities for managing other processes
11. Lisp-like macros and other metaprogramming facilities

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